Säpo extremister
The attitude or behavior of an "extremist" may be represented as part of a spectrum, which ranges from mild interest through "obsession" to "fanaticism" and "extremism". Eric Hoffer and Arthur Schlesinger Jr. Hoffer wrote The True Believer and The Passionate State of Mind about the psychology and sociology of those who join "fanatical" mass movements. Thus, we suggest that any discussion of extremism be mindful of the following: Typically, the same extremist act will be viewed by some as just and moral such as pro-social "freedom fighting" , and by others as unjust and immoral antisocial "terrorism" depending on the observer's values, politics, moral scope, and the nature of their relationship with the actor.
Extremists' views are typically contrasted with those of moderates. feeling alone or lacking meaning and purpose in life. In conflict settings it manifests as a severe form of conflict engagement. For instance, individual members of Hamas may differ considerably in their willingness to negotiate their differences with the Palestinian Authority and, ultimately, with certain factions in Israel. The term may be used pejoratively by opposing groups, but is also used in academic and journalistic circles in a purely descriptive and non-condemning sense.
De flesta av dem är islamistiskt motiverade. The alleged similarity between the "extreme left" and "extreme right", or perhaps between opposing religious zealots, may mean only that all these are "unacceptable" from the standpoint of the mainstream or majority. When in conflict, the activities of members of low power groups tend to be viewed as more extreme than similar activities committed by members of groups advocating the status quo.
Arno Gruen said, "The lack of identity associated with extremists is the result of self-destructive self-hatred that leads to feelings of revenge toward life itself, and a compulsion to kill one's own humanness. disagreeing with government policy. In Germany, extremism is explicitly used for differentiation between democratic and non-democratic intentions. A study found that political extremism on both the left and right tended to have four common psychological features: psychological distress stimulates the adoption of an extreme ideological outlook, extreme ideologies tend to have relatively simplistic black-white perceptions of the social world, said mental simplicity causes overconfidence in judgements, and political extremists are less tolerant of different groups and opinions than moderates.
People found on either of the political extremes were shown to have much greater but misplaced confidence in their beliefs, and resisted change. In addition, one's sense of the moral or immoral nature of a given act of extremism such as Nelson Mandela's use of guerilla war tactics against the South African Government may change as conditions leadership, world opinion, crises, historical accounts, etc.
Extremism is "the quality or state of being extreme" or "the advocacy of extreme measures or views". Economist Ronald Wintrobe [ 8 ] argues that many extremist movements, even though having completely different ideologies, share a common set of characteristics. In addition, extreme acts are more likely to be employed by marginalized people and groups who view more normative forms of conflict engagement as blocked for them or biased.
After being accused of extremism, Martin Luther King Jr. Was not Jesus an extremist for love…Was not Amos an extremist for justice…Was not Martin Luther an extremist…So the question is not whether we will be extremists, but what kind of extremists we will be. Another view is that extremism is an emotional outlet for severe feelings stemming from "persistent experiences of oppression, insecurity, humiliation, resentment, loss, and rage" which are presumed to "lead individuals and groups to adopt conflict engagement strategies which "fit" or feel consistent with these experiences".
Although extremist individuals and groups are often viewed as cohesive and consistently evil, it is important to recognize that they may be conflicted or ambivalent psychologically as individuals, or contain difference and conflict within their groups. Power differences also matter when defining extremism.
Schlesinger wrote The Vital Center , championing a supposed "center" of politics within which "mainstream" political discourse takes place, and underscoring the alleged need for societies to draw definite lines regarding what falls outside of this acceptability. Kathleen Taylor believes religious fundamentalism is a mental illness and is "curable.
Rapport om svenska extremistmiljöer
However, the labeling of activities, people, and groups as "extremist", and the defining of what is "ordinary" in any setting is always a subjective and political matter. The German Ministry of Home Affairs defines extremism as an intention that rejects the democratic constitution state and fundamental values, its norms and its laws. Laird Wilcox identifies 21 alleged traits of a "political extremist", ranging from "a tendency to character assassination " and hateful behavior like "name calling and labelling ", to general character traits like "a tendency to view opponents and critics as essentially evil", "a tendency to substitute intimidation for argument" or " groupthink ".
In Western countries , for example, in contemporary discourse on Islam or on Islamic political movements , the distinction between extremist and moderate Muslims is commonly stressed. Seymour Martin Lipset argued that besides the extremism of the left and right there is also an extremism of the center , and that it actually formed the base of fascism. Ultimately, the core problem that extremism presents in situations of protracted conflict is less the severity of the activities although violence, trauma, and escalation are obvious concerns but more so the closed, fixed, and intolerant nature of extremist attitudes, and their subsequent imperviousness to change.
believing. Thus, the current and historical context of extremist acts shapes our view of them. Extremism is seen by other researchers as a "rational strategy in a game over power", [ 3 ] as described in the works of Eli Berman. not feeling valued or appreciated by society. However, dominant groups also commonly employ extreme activities such as governmental sanctioning of violent paramilitary groups or the attack in Waco by the FBI in the U.
Extremist acts often employ violent means, although extremist groups will differ in their preference for violent extremism vs. In a study at University College London , scientists have demonstrated that people with extreme political views both extreme right and extreme left had significantly worse metacognition, or the ability of a person to recognize they are wrong and modify their views when presented with contrary evidence, thus creating an opinion that supports only their idea of wrong and right.
3 juli Enligt Säpo finns det nu cirka våldsbejakande extremister i Sverige, en siffra som på några år har ökat från några hundra.
Våldsbejakande extremism
Astrid Bötticher notes several differences between radicalism and extremism, among them in goals idealistic vs. As an example, he lists the following common characteristics between "Jewish fundamentalists" and "the extremists of Hamas": [ 9 ]. being emotionally upset after a stressful event. Peter T. Coleman and Andrea Bartoli give observation of definitions: [ 3 ] Extremism is a complex phenomenon, although its complexity is often hard to see.
Most simply, it can be defined as activities beliefs, attitudes, feelings, actions, strategies of a character far removed from the ordinary. Among the explanations for extremism is one that views it as a plague. Again, low power groups are more likely to employ direct, episodic forms of violence such as suicide bombings , whereas dominant groups tend to be associated with more structural or institutionalized forms like the covert use of torture or the informal sanctioning of police brutality.